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High blood pressure (hypertension)

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. There are many things you can do to reduce and control your blood pressure including limiting your salt intake, quitting smoking and getting more exercise. What does the evidence say? Learn more below.

Studies support "risk-based" approach to treating people with high blood pressure
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Blood pressure as we age: What is a healthy target?
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Hypertension: Effective ways to lower high blood pressure without medication
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73 Show All 22Blog Posts 34Evidence Summaries 17Web Resource Ratings 1Patient Decision Aids

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  • Evidence Summary

    Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2021)
  • Evidence Summary

    In adults with pre-hypertension to established hypertension, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) may be the most effective non-drug strategy for reducing blood pressure

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    Journal of the American Heart Association (2020)
  • Evidence Summary

    Providing patients and their care providers with information about cardiovascular disease risk may help with prevention measures

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    BMJ Open (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Dietary fibre for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Self-monitoring of blood pressure (SMBP) leads to reduced blood pressure in patients with hypertension

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    American Journal of Hypertension (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Forest therapy may reduce blood pressure and stress in people living in urban settings

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2022)
  • Evidence Summary

    Nurse-led care may reduce diastolic and systolic blood pressure in people living with high blood pressure

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing (2023)
  • Evidence Summary

    Plant-based diets that allow a limited amount of animal products can help reduce blood pressure

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Journal of Hypertension (2021)
  • Evidence Summary

    Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults 60 years or older.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2019)
  • Evidence Summary

    Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2018)
  • Evidence Summary

    Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2017)
  • Evidence Summary

    Endurance exercise improves cholesterol levels and heart health in people with coronary artery disease

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing (2017)
  • Evidence Summary

    Blood pressure targets for hypertension in older adults.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2017)
  • Evidence Summary

    In people 60 years of age or older, blood pressure targets should be determined based on their history and risk factors

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Ann Intern Med (2017)
  • Evidence Summary

    Population-level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction (Review)

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    In diabetes, the benefits of BP-lowering drugs depend on systolic BP being 140 mm Hg or more before starting treatment

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    BMJ (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Non-physician screening and self-screening can detect raised blood pressure

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    American Journal of Hypertension (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    In people using blood pressure–lowering drugs, more-intensive therapy reduces cardiovascular events and strokes more than less-intensive therapy

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Lancet (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Mobile health interventions can improve medication adherence and physical activity in patients with cardiovascular disease

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    European Journal of Preventative Cardiology (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Effect of cocoa on blood pressure

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2012)
  • Evidence Summary

    Blood pressure–lowering drugs reduce strokes and deaths in people with mild high blood pressure and no cardiovascular disease

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Ann Intern Med (2014)
  • Evidence Summary

    Self-management programs can improve health outcomes in older adults with diabetes

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Diabetic Medicine (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Nurse-led clinics can lower the risk of death and myocardial infarction, and increase medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular diseases

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    First-line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first-line antihypertensive drug classes for hypertension.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Blood pressure–lowering drugs reduce cardiovascular events most in people with the highest initial risk

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Lancet (2014)
  • Evidence Summary

    In people with, or at risk of, heart disease, fatty acid supplements do not prevent heart attacks or death

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Ann Intern Med (2014)
  • Evidence Summary

    Fish-oil supplements slightly lower blood pressure in adults diagnosed with high blood pressure

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (2013)
  • Evidence Summary

    In people with coronary artery disease, intensive blood pressure control is linked to reduced stroke and heart failure but increased risk for too low blood pressure

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Heart (2013)
  • Evidence Summary

    Counseling with activity monitors improves physical activity and health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Annals of Medicine (2013)
  • Evidence Summary

    ACE inhibitors for high blood pressure prevent kidney disease and death in people with diabetes and normal kidney function

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2012)
  • Evidence Summary

    Reduced salt intake reduces blood pressure in people with or without hypertension

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    BMJ (2013)
  • Evidence Summary

    The Mediterranean diet lowers risk of developing cancer, particularly colorectal cancer.

    Rating 3 out of 5 stars
    Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy for prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertensive individuals.

    Rating 3 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Self-management support interventions improve patient quality of life and reduce use of hospital care for patients with long-term respiratory and cardiovascular conditions

    Rating 3 out of 5 stars
    Health Services and Delivery Research (2014)
  • Blog Post

    High blood pressure in older adults: Let’s talk medication!

    Research highlights the benefits of blood pressure lowering medications.
  • Blog Post

    Dietitian-delivered nutrition therapy for high blood pressure

    Research investigates the role dietitians play in helping to lower blood pressure.
  • Blog Post

    3 strategies to gear up to get blood pressure down

    Research highlights strategies that can play a role in lowering high blood pressure.
  • Blog Post

    Blood pressure targets: Should we go higher or lower?

    Research sheds light on blood pressure targets for older adults.
  • Blog Post

    Being one with nature: The effects of forest therapy

    Is nature calling us back? Research looks at the health benefits of forest therapy.
  • Blog Post

    Managing high blood pressure: Can nurse-led care help?

    Addressing high blood pressure typically involves working closely with your doctor to manage it. But can nurse-led care be an effective alternative?
  • Blog Post

    3 evidence-based benefits of eating more fruits and vegetables

    Research makes the case for not skipping out on fruits and vegetables.
  • Blog Post

    6 evidence-based strategies for reducing blood pressure

    Looking for strategies to help you reduce your blood pressure or keep it in check? From lowering your salt intake to supplements, multiple strategies are available to increase your chance of success.
  • Blog Post

    Can calcium supplementation reduce the risk of high blood pressure?

    Looking to prevent high blood pressure? Research demonstrates that increasing calcium intake, namely through supplements, has a role to play.
  • Blog Post

    Upping fruit and veggie consumption to get blood pressure down: What’s the case for plant-based diets?

    If you’re looking to lower your blood pressure through lifestyle changes, pay attention to your diet. Research shows that a diet of mostly plant-based foods may be beneficial, but careful consideration is needed to find the one that is best for you.
  • Blog Post

    Finding success with non-drug treatments: 4 common conditions that can benefit

    Are you living with dementia, high blood pressure, or urinary incontinence? See what the research has to say about your options for non-drug treatments. Hint: promising possibilities lie ahead.
  • Blog Post

    Managing blood pressure with non-medication-based strategies

    Can non-medication-based strategies help reduce blood pressure? The research suggests yes.
  • Blog Post

    Knowing your numbers to help keep your blood pressure in check

    When it comes to high blood pressure, “knowing your numbers” is key. A couple of promising blood pressure screening and monitoring options may help you stay on top of your numbers and help you and your health care provider create the best possible treatment plan.
  • Blog Post

    Fact or fiction: Research reveals the truth about common supplements

    There are many claims out there about the health benefits of dietary supplements, but not all claims are backed by evidence. Talk to your health care provider about which supplements may be beneficial to you.
  • Blog Post

    “Pass the low-sodium salt substitute, please!” Could this be one way to help control blood pressure?

    No salt, no problem? Not exactly. Low-sodium salt substitutes may help lower blood pressure, but they are not safe for everyone.
  • Blog Post

    Telehealth: A new fix for an old problem – helping people with chronic conditions take better care of themselves

    Is chronic illness getting you down? Telehealth is a promising way for you to connect with your health care provider and better manage your condition.
  • Blog Post

    Struggling with your weight? Get active and improve your health with high intensity interval training!

    Short on time? Research suggests that high-intensity interval training can improve cardiovascular and metabolic health in people who are overweight or obese.
  • Blog Post

    5 diet changes supported by research evidence

    When it comes to food, too much of a good (tasting) thing can be bad for you. But too much food advice can be bad for you too, particularly if it’s not reliable. Revamp your diet by making changes that have been shown to help promote healthy aging.
  • Blog Post

    Does salt really affect blood pressure?

    Cut back on salt for at least four weeks to lower blood pressure and the risk of heart disease.
  • Blog Post

    Don’t rely on fatty acid supplements for protection against heart disease

    Fatty acids (such as those found in fish, nuts, seeds and vegetable oils) provide health benefits, including lowering risk of heart disease. Fatty acid supplements may help lower blood pressure, but don’t prevent heart attacks in people already diagnosed with heart issues.
  • Blog Post

    Studies support "risk-based" approach to treating people with high blood pressure

    Drugs that lower blood pressure help prevent heart attack and strokes for those with high blood pressure, and offer the greatest benefit to those at higher risk.
  • Blog Post

    Fish-oil supplements: another weapon against high blood pressure

    Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish promote heart health. Taking fish-oil supplements is an effective alternative to eating fish.
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