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Bone health, osteoporosis and fractures

Elderly people and postmenopausal women are at increased risk of osteoporosis, a condition that causes bones to become weak or brittle. According to Osteoporosis Canada, at least one in three women and one in five men will suffer from an osteoporotic fracture during their lifetime. The most common sites of osteoporotic fracture are the wrist, spine, shoulder and hip.

Vitamin D and calcium: A dynamic duo in the maintenance of strong bones
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Broken hip? Home-based rehabilitation may help get you moving again
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Irregular heartbeat a possible side effect of osteoporosis medication
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  • Evidence Summary

    Nutritional strategies can improve body composition in underweight and overweight older adults

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Exercise alone, and in combination with different fall prevention strategies may lower the risk of falls leading to injuries in older adults 65 and over

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association (2017)
  • Evidence Summary

    Innovative hip and knee replacement devices do not improve function more than conventional devices and may increase need for revision surgery

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    BMJ (2014)
  • Evidence Summary

    Fall prevention exercise programs reduce falls and prevent injuries in older community dwelling people.

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    BMJ (2013)
  • Evidence Summary

    Self-management education programmes for osteoarthritis

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Review (2014)
  • Evidence Summary

    Combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation can reduce fracture risk but not necessarily cancer risk

    Rating 5 out of 5 stars
    Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)
  • Evidence Summary

    Increased fruit and vegetable consumption may decrease the risk of fractures in men and women over 50

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Plos One (2019)
  • Evidence Summary

    In people over 50 who live in the community, vitamin D or calcium supplements, alone or combined, do not prevent fractures

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    JAMA (2017)
  • Evidence Summary

    Providing rehabilitation tailored to older adults with hip fracture improves their recovery after surgery

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Rehabilitation at home can be just as good as hospital-based rehabilitation for patients after knee surgery

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Home-based exercise programs may be a promising alternative to clinic-based physical therapy following knee-replacement surgery

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatolology, Arthroscopy (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    10 recommendations describe how health care providers should work together to care for adults 50 years of age or older with fragility fractures and to prevent future fractures

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Ann Rheum Dis (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    In people over 50 years of age, dietary or supplemental calcium increases bone mineral density

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    BMJ (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    Anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2016)
  • Evidence Summary

    In older people with breaks of the upper arm at the shoulder, surgical treatments do not improve functioning more than nonsurgical treatments

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Acta Orthop (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults.

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Mini-incision and standard posterior incision surgery for hip replacement have similar benefits and safety

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    J Arthroplasty (2014)
  • Evidence Summary

    Exercise programs help prevent falls but not broken bones among older adults in long-term care facilities

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Journal of the American Medical Directors Association (2013)
  • Evidence Summary

    In women with osteoporosis, denosumab, teriparatide, and some bisphosphonates reduce spinal and non-spinal fractures

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Ann Intern Med (2014)
  • Evidence Summary

    Bisphosphonates increase risk of serious atrial fibrillation by a small amount

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Chest (2013)
  • Evidence Summary

    Home-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation can improve mobility, balance and strength after hip fracture surgery

    Rating 4 out of 5 stars
    Rehabilitation Research and Practice (2013)
  • Evidence Summary

    In postmenopausal women, combined exercise interventions improve bone mineral density levels at 12 months compared with usual activity

    Rating 3 out of 5 stars
    J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (2017)
  • Evidence Summary

    Fall-prevention programs that specifically target at-risk nursing home residents may prove most effective in reducing the prevalence of falls

    Rating 3 out of 5 stars
    Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (2015)
  • Evidence Summary

    Dedicated osteoporosis health professionals can effectively screen and treat outpatients with acute low trauma fractures

    Rating 3 out of 5 stars
    Archives of Osteoporosis (2014)
  • Evidence Summary

    Collaborative care provided by geriatricians and surgeons to older adults with hip fracture reduces risk of death and time in hospital

    Rating 3 out of 5 stars
    Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma (2014)
  • Evidence Summary

    Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults.

    Rating 0 out of 5 stars
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2015)
  • Blog Post

    3 evidence-based benefits of eating more fruits and vegetables

    Research makes the case for not skipping out on fruits and vegetables.
  • Blog Post

    Rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions and exercise: Getting on track with wearable activity trackers

    We can all use a helping hand from time to time. Being more physically active is one area where some of us need that extra assistance and motivation. Wearable activity trackers may be a source of support for people living with a rheumatic and/or musculoskeletal disease who are looking to increase their activity levels.
  • Blog Post

    Better bone health: An apple a day to keep fractures away?

    Peppers, and tomatoes, and grapes. Oh my! If you’re looking for strategies to help protect your bones against breaks, see what the research has to say about fruit and vegetable intake.
  • Blog Post

    Fact or fiction: Research reveals the truth about common supplements

    There are many claims out there about the health benefits of dietary supplements, but not all claims are backed by evidence. Talk to your health care provider about which supplements may be beneficial to you.
  • Blog Post

    Watch your step! Fall prevention for seniors living in the community

    For seniors still living at home, falls are a concern. Fortunately, exercise alone or in combination with other fall prevention strategies can help keep one’s feet firmly planted on the ground.
  • Blog Post

    Past-menopause? Exercise your way to better bone health

    For women, menopause is an inevitable part of aging, as is bone loss to some extent. But there are things you can do to improve or preserve your bone density and slow down bone loss. Surprise... it’s exercise!
  • Blog Post

    Feeling unsteady? Exercise can help prevent falls in long-term care

    Feeling off-balance? Stand up to falls with exercise. Exercise combined with other fall prevention strategies is a promising way to lower the rate of falls in older adults living in long-term care.
  • Blog Post

    Worried about breaking a bone? 5 tips you should know before it happens

    Breaking up may be hard to do, but breaking a bone is easy – especially as we age. Get tips on how to protect yourself.
  • Blog Post

    Irregular heartbeat a possible side effect of osteoporosis medication

    Bisphosphonates are drugs that help increase bone strength in people with osteoporosis. They are effective, but may also contribute to irregular heartbeats (atrial fibrillation).
  • Blog Post

    Broken hip? Home-based rehabilitation may help get you moving again

    Rehabilitation programs to improve mobility, function, balance and strength help patients recover faster and avoid long-term disability after hip surgery.
  • Blog Post

    Vitamin D and calcium: A dynamic duo in the maintenance of strong bones

    Calcium and vitamin D supplements help keep bones healthy and may reduce the risk of bone breaks in older adults.
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